This from another report will be worrisome for future prospects though of all 3 named makers
Research by the investment bank UBS estimates that in the last five years VW has spent 39bn euros (£33bn; $52bn) on R&D, with Daimler spending about 26bn euros and BMW some 17bn.
Peugeot, Renault and Fiat spent barely 10bn euros each, according to the research.
P